{"id":1382,"date":"2018-02-17T12:00:54","date_gmt":"2018-02-17T11:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cpp.web.amu.edu.pl\/?p=1382"},"modified":"2018-02-17T19:02:48","modified_gmt":"2018-02-17T18:02:48","slug":"marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/","title":{"rendered":"Marek Kwiek in „Science and Public Policy” – on „Academic Top Earners”, or highly paid academics across Europe"},"content":{"rendered":"

Marek Kwiek published a new paper in Science and Public Policy<\/em>\u00a0(Oxford University Press): „Academic Top Earners. Research productivity, prestige generation, and salary patterns in European universities<\/strong>„.\u00a0Science and Public Policy<\/em><\/a>, 45(1), February 2018, 1\u201313.\u00a0doi: 10.1093\/scipol\/scx020<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Science and Public Policy <\/em>is a leading international journal on public policies for science, technology and innovation. It covers all types of science and technology in both developed and developing countries.<\/p>\n

The paper in PDF is\u00a0here. <\/a><\/p>\n

Or can be downloaded in PDF from ResearchGate here<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"m_spp_44_2cover\"<\/p>\n

Abstract\u00a0<\/strong>
\n This article examines highly paid academics\u2014or top earners\u2014employed across universities in tenEuropean countries based on large-scale international survey data regarding the academic profession.\u00a0It examines the relationships between salaries and academic behaviors and productivity, as\u00a0well as the predictors of becoming an academic top earner. While, in the Anglo-Saxon countries,\u00a0the university research mission typically pays off at an individual level, in Continental Europe, it\u00a0pays off only in combination with administrative and related duties. Seeking future financial rewards\u00a0solely through research does not seem to be a viable strategy in Europe, but seeking satisfaction\u00a0in research through solving research puzzles is also becoming difficult, with the growing\u00a0emphasis on the \u2018relevance\u2019 and \u2018applicability\u2019 of fundable research. Thus, both the traditional \u2018investment\u00a0motivation\u2019 and \u2018consumption motivation\u2019 to perform research decrease, creating severe\u00a0policy implications. The primary data come from 8,466 usable cases.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Selected ideas from the paper are below:<\/strong><\/p>\n

This research examines an emergent class of highly paid academics\u2014or top earners\u2014employed across European universities. It\u00a0differs from existing salary studies in its focus, sample, and method.\u00a0It goes beyond previous work that has studied academic salaries either\u00a0in single institutions (Katz 1973; Ferber 1974; Fox 1985), multiple\u00a0institutions (Hamermesh et al. 1982; Konrad and Pfeffer 1990;\u00a0Ward 2001) or national systems (mostly the USA, as in McLaughlin\u00a0et al. (1979); Gomez-Mejia and Balkin (1992); Bellas (1993);\u00a0Fairweather (1993); Barbezat and Hughes (2005); Fairweather\u00a0(2005); Melguizo and Strober (2007)). Also, it explores \u00a0crossnational\u00a0differences in salary patterns in ten European countries\u00a0based on large-scale international survey data regarding the academic\u00a0profession (N\u00bc17,211). This research also goes beyond a more traditional approach, which examines the relationships between\u00a0academic salary and its correlates through only bivariate correlational\u00a0analyses, by using both logistic regression analyses and\u00a0bivariate correlational analyses. This research examines the relationships\u00a0between academic salaries and academic behaviors and productivity\u00a0in a single institutional type, the European university,\u00a0exploring one subcategory of academics: academics employed\u00a0full-time and involved in both teaching and research. Finally, this\u00a0article explores predictors of becoming an academic top earner from\u00a0a comparative cross-national European perspective.<\/p>\n

Economic models of academic salary determination have been\u00a0predominantly based on the human capital theory (embedded in\u00a0analyses of for-profit firms and treating higher education institutions\u00a0accordingly); in the prestige model of salary determination,\u00a0universities behave as both firms and nonprofit institutions, or \u2018hybrids\u2019\u00a0(Melguizo and Strober 2007: 634). In the prestige model, academic\u00a0salaries are viewed as returns on the generation of prestige\u00a0(for the individual academic, as well as the institution). Nonprofit\u00a0higher education institutions act largely as \u2018prestige maximizers\u2019,\u00a0just like for-profit companies act as \u2018profit maximizers\u2019: \u2018not only\u00a0are institutions seeking to maximize prestige, so are departments\u00a0and faculty members\u2019 (Melguizo and Strober 2007: 635). While\u00a0human capital salary models focus on individuals\u2019 research, teaching\u00a0and public service productivity, a potential alternative model focuses\u00a0on individuals\u2019 prestige generation, mostly through publications, research\u00a0grants, patents and awards, that is, productivity. Both the\u00a0human capital model and the prestige model state that higher productivity\u00a0(defined for different areas, with publications being at the\u00a0forefront) should lead to higher academic incomes.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Prestige is largely a rival good, based on relative, rather than absolute,\u00a0measurement, and accumulating prestige is a zero-sum game\u00a0(Brewer et al. 2002: 30). Academia is becoming ever more competitive,\u00a0and competitiveness is encouraged by deliberate government\u00a0policies: \u2018at the centre of all this is prestige, at all levels from the national\u00a0system to the individual\u2019 (Blackmore 2016: 1). Universities\u2014as well as academics\u2014compete in prestige markets. In particular,\u00a0there is a strong link between individual and institutional prestige:\u00a0\u2018in maximizing their individual prestige, faculty members simultaneously\u00a0maximize the prestige of their departments and institutions\u2019\u00a0(Melguizo and Strober 2007: 635).\u00a0<\/p>\n

The maximization of prestige, in this theoretical framework, is\u00a0strongly correlated with faculty salaries. Academics who help their\u00a0institution to become prestigious are rewarded by the institution\u00a0with higher salaries: more articles and books published in prestigious\u00a0outlets, more prestigious research grants, more patents, etc.\u00a0lead to higher institutional prestige, which consequently, albeit not\u00a0directly, leads to higher individual salaries. That is, \u2018the currency in\u00a0which institutions are paid for faculty research is prestige. As a result,\u00a0institutions provide financial rewards to scholarly output\u2019, with\u00a0faculty salaries being viewed as returns on the generation of \u00a0prestige\u00a0(Melguizo and Strober 2007: 639).<\/p>\n

\n

Following the logic of this salary model, in the context of our research,\u00a0highly productive academics should be disproportionately overrepresented among highly paid academics. Because more time\u00a0spent on teaching means less time spent on research and vice versa, or\u00a0there being only \u2018research\u2019 and \u2018non-research\u2019 time investments (Levin\u00a0and Stephan 1991: 115), academics spending, on average, more time\u00a0on research should be receiving higher average salaries. Spending more\u00a0time on teaching, in turn, should have a negative or, at best, neutral effect\u00a0on one\u2019s salary (Katz 1973; Dillon and Marsh 1981; Konrad and\u00a0Pfeffer 1990; Fairweather 1993). However, there is a difference between\u00a0spending time on research, being research-focused, and being\u00a0highly productive as compared with one\u2019s peers: highly productive academics\u00a0can also have more formal responsibilities as leaders, deans,\u00a0heads of departments, etc. and still have coauthored publications with\u00a0their post-docs or other early-stage researchers. The chance to have\u00a0longer lists of coauthored publications may increase for selected academics\u00a0with more institutional power, and institutional power increases\u00a0with age and seniority (Stephan and Levin 1992).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

This article is an empirically based comparative study of highly paid\u00a0academics in Europe, and it uses a large dataset of behaviors, attitudes,\u00a0and perceptions of the European academic profession (CAP\/\u00a0EUROAC, N\u00bc17,211). We have examined ten European systems,\u00a0and our focus was restricted to full-time academics involved in both\u00a0teaching and research who were employed in a specific institutional\u00a0type: the university. A class of academic \u2018top earners\u2019 (from the age\u00a0cohort of 40 years old and more having a minimum of 10 years of\u00a0academic experience) was explored to explore various aspects of\u00a0their working time distribution and research productivity. Finally,\u00a0the predictors of becoming an academic top earner were examined\u00a0from a cross-national European perspective.\u00a0To a large extent, the findings obtained via a \u00a0multidimensional\u00a0model approach support the findings of inferential statistics: interestingly,\u00a0in the context of previous (mostly) single-nation studies, research\u00a0time for the academic cohort studied is not positively\u00a0correlated with high incomes, teaching time is not negatively correlated\u00a0with high incomes, and there is almost no correlation between\u00a0the research role orientation or gender and high incomes.\u00a0Interestingly, the strong correlations between high productivity and\u00a0high incomes seen in the bivariate analysis are not confirmed in the\u00a0regression analysis. The research focus of this article was on high incomes\u00a0in an older cohort of academics and the odds of receiving\u00a0them, rather than\u2014as in traditional academic salary studies\u2014all\u00a0academics and all academic incomes in general. Consequently, this\u00a0research explores cross-national academic salaries via new questions\u00a0(top earners, as contrasted with the rest of academics, and the predictors\u00a0of being a top earner) applied to new (i.e. older) academic
\n cohorts in new (i.e. European) national settings.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\n

This research project has two types of implications: implications\u00a0for current theoretical models and assumptions in salary studies, as\u00a0well as policy implications for institutions and national systems.\u00a0Starting with the former, our findings tend to suggest that the traditionally explored link between higher time investments in research\u00a0and higher academic incomes\u2014consistently demonstrated for Anglo-Saxon countries over the last four decades (as in Katz (1973); Konrad\u00a0and Pfeffer (1990); Fairweather (1993); Gomez-Mejia and Balkin\u00a0(1992); Fairweather (2005); Melguizo and Strober (2007); and\u00a0Gibson et al. (2014))\u2014may not hold across Europe today as strongly\u00a0as in Anglo-Saxon systems. As Fairweather (1993: 629) expressed, the\u00a0traditional view is that \u2018faculty who spend more time on research and\u00a0who publish the most are paid more than their teaching-oriented colleagues\u2019,\u00a0and the American academe is moving toward \u2018a single faculty\u00a0reward structure, one dependent on publishing, spending time on\u00a0research, and minimizing involvement in instruction\u2019. National academic\u00a0labor markets in Europe, as is clear from this research, are\u00a0homogenous and research-based, rather than segmented (Fairweather\u00a02005): teaching-oriented institutions do not seem to be paying their\u00a0top teachers more, while all institutions tend to pay their top performers\u00a0more. For European universities, academic pay does not seem\u00a0to be influenced\u2014as in labor economics (Toutkoushian and Paulsen\u00a02016)\u2014by the demand for higher education services or the supply of\u00a0qualified individuals. According to our results, highly productive academics\u00a0are disproportionately over-represented among highly paid\u00a0academics across Europe: on average, 31.8 percent of top national research\u00a0performers are among national top earners, with this percentage\u00a0ranging from almost 80 percent in the UK to about 40 percent in\u00a0Finland, Germany, and Portugal.\u00a0The correlations between high incomes\u00a0and high performance are strong.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Given that European higher education research stands in the\u00a0shadow of its American counterpart, especially in terms of its basic\u00a0theoretical frameworks, this article suggests a more sustained focus\u00a0on cross-national (not to say cross-continental) differences in higher\u00a0education and on the role of various national traditions in the academic\u00a0enterprise in the future. We suggest rethinking the potential\u00a0over-reliance on American research findings in discussing academic\u00a0salaries in non-American contexts. Some theoretical frameworks\u00a0and analytical concepts stand firm and are useful on both sides of\u00a0the Atlantic, while others may not be as useful.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

His previous paper for\u00a0Science and Public Policy<\/em> was published in 2012: „Changing higher education policies: From the deinstitutionalization to the reinstitutionalization of the research mission in Polish universities<\/strong>„.\u00a0Sci Public Policy (2012) 39 (5): 641-654. DOI:\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scipol\/scs042<\/a>, and can be dowloaded here<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Marek Kwiek published a new paper in Science and Public Policy\u00a0(Oxford University Press): „Academic Top Earners. Research productivity, prestige generation, and salary patterns in European universities„.\u00a0Science and Public Policy, 45(1), February 2018, 1\u201313.\u00a0doi: 10.1093\/scipol\/scx020. Science and Public Policy is a leading international journal on public policies for science, technology and innovation. It covers all types […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":749,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMarek Kwiek in "Science and Public Policy" - on "Academic Top Earners", or highly paid academics across Europe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marek Kwiek in "Science and Public Policy" - on "Academic Top Earners", or highly paid academics across Europe\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Marek Kwiek published a new paper in Science and Public Policy\u00a0(Oxford University Press): „Academic Top Earners. Research productivity, prestige generation, and salary patterns in European universities„.\u00a0Science and Public Policy, 45(1), February 2018, 1\u201313.\u00a0doi: 10.1093\/scipol\/scx020. Science and Public Policy is a leading international journal on public policies for science, technology and innovation. It covers all types […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Center for Public Policy Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-02-17T11:00:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-02-17T18:02:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/sfps.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marek Kwiek\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marek Kwiek\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"17 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Marek Kwiek\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#\/schema\/person\/f8d5958e6a754d53c450a534b8cff8ee\"},\"headline\":\"Marek Kwiek in „Science and Public Policy” – on „Academic Top Earners”, or highly paid academics across Europe\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-02-17T11:00:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-02-17T18:02:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/\"},\"wordCount\":3323,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Paper\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/\",\"name\":\"Marek Kwiek in \\\"Science and Public Policy\\\" - on \\\"Academic Top Earners\\\", or highly paid academics across Europe\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2018-02-17T11:00:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-02-17T18:02:48+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Marek Kwiek in “Science and Public Policy” – on “Academic Top Earners”, or highly paid academics across Europe\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/\",\"name\":\"Center for Public Policy Studies\",\"description\":\"Adam Mickiewicz University, Pozna\u0144, Poland\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Center for Public Policy Studies\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cpp.web.amu.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/CPPS.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/cpp.web.amu.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/CPPS.png\",\"width\":362,\"height\":96,\"caption\":\"Center for Public Policy Studies\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#\/schema\/person\/f8d5958e6a754d53c450a534b8cff8ee\",\"name\":\"Marek Kwiek\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/635c11ae6f64ead562a2861be84cafd1?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/635c11ae6f64ead562a2861be84cafd1?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Marek Kwiek\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/pl\/author\/mkwiek\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Marek Kwiek in \"Science and Public Policy\" - on \"Academic Top Earners\", or highly paid academics across Europe","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/","og_locale":"pl_PL","og_type":"article","og_title":"Marek Kwiek in \"Science and Public Policy\" - on \"Academic Top Earners\", or highly paid academics across Europe","og_description":"Marek Kwiek published a new paper in Science and Public Policy\u00a0(Oxford University Press): „Academic Top Earners. Research productivity, prestige generation, and salary patterns in European universities„.\u00a0Science and Public Policy, 45(1), February 2018, 1\u201313.\u00a0doi: 10.1093\/scipol\/scx020. Science and Public Policy is a leading international journal on public policies for science, technology and innovation. It covers all types […]","og_url":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/","og_site_name":"Center for Public Policy Studies","article_published_time":"2018-02-17T11:00:54+00:00","article_modified_time":"2018-02-17T18:02:48+00:00","og_image":[{"width":400,"height":400,"url":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/sfps.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Marek Kwiek","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Napisane przez":"Marek Kwiek","Szacowany czas czytania":"17 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/"},"author":{"name":"Marek Kwiek","@id":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#\/schema\/person\/f8d5958e6a754d53c450a534b8cff8ee"},"headline":"Marek Kwiek in „Science and Public Policy” – on „Academic Top Earners”, or highly paid academics across Europe","datePublished":"2018-02-17T11:00:54+00:00","dateModified":"2018-02-17T18:02:48+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/"},"wordCount":3323,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Paper"],"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/","url":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/","name":"Marek Kwiek in \"Science and Public Policy\" - on \"Academic Top Earners\", or highly paid academics across Europe","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#website"},"datePublished":"2018-02-17T11:00:54+00:00","dateModified":"2018-02-17T18:02:48+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/marek-kwiek-in-science-and-public-policy-about-academic-top-earners-and-research-productivity\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna","item":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Marek Kwiek in “Science and Public Policy” – on “Academic Top Earners”, or highly paid academics across Europe"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#website","url":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/","name":"Center for Public Policy Studies","description":"Adam Mickiewicz University, Pozna\u0144, Poland","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#organization","name":"Center for Public Policy Studies","url":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/cpp.web.amu.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/CPPS.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cpp.web.amu.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/CPPS.png","width":362,"height":96,"caption":"Center for Public Policy Studies"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#\/schema\/person\/f8d5958e6a754d53c450a534b8cff8ee","name":"Marek Kwiek","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/635c11ae6f64ead562a2861be84cafd1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/635c11ae6f64ead562a2861be84cafd1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Marek Kwiek"},"url":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/pl\/author\/mkwiek\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1382"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1382"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1382\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/749"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1382"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1382"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cpp.amu.edu.pl\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1382"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}